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The crisis consciousness of Confucius and the development of old themes
Author: Tang Civilization
Source: Author Author Authorized Confucian Network, Originally published by “Qinghua University Journal” (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) 2017 Issue 4
Time: Confucius was the 2568th year of Dingyou June 26th Dingwei
Jesus July 19, 2017
</ Comparing Zhang Zhidong and Kang Youwei and strict old plans, you will find that the three have different aspects in terms of specific understanding and specific principles. Specifically, the focus of Zhang Zhi's old plan is on the protection of the country, the focus of the strict old plan is on the protection, and Kang Youwei's old plan is on the protection of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the care of the The theme of "protecting the country, protecting the species, protecting the children" also stipulates the purpose of the basic tag of modern Chinese thinking, which is a clear comparison between fractions and divine dignity, plus the heroic spirit of Wan Yurou and the late Qing Dynasty thinking world left us with a great main energy production.
Keywords: Confucian civilization; preservation of old themes; protection of the country; protection of the species; protection of the 1894-1895 war has triggered a strong sense of crisis at the level of scholars and officials. Although the defeat was japan(to raise a monthly priceJapan), the most basic problem was correctly engraved with a comprehensive challenge to the Oriental civilization to the Confucian civilization. The understanding of crisis is reckless, and the old guardians tend to be an internal crisis, and the transformers think it is even more an internal crisis.
Most people in crisis consciousness have not lost their confidence in their own civilization, but judging from the actual situation at that time and the subsequent historical changes, the strong level of crisis consciousness has led the administrators of Confucian civilization to the historic process of reflection and even doubting of their own civilization.
This is undoubtedly a very moment of Confucian civilization, a “large change that has not been seen in three thousand years”, and we are still in the consequences of this great historical change. A comprehensive picture of crisis is a good ideaThe “protecting the country, protecting the species, and protecting the child” produced is the most comprehensive. This comprehensive combination includes the overall understanding of a civilization, or perhaps points out the three elements of a civilization: the country, the people and education. However, although the crisis consciousness of “protecting the country, protecting the people, and protecting the children” can be said to be a common understanding of the scholars and the doctors at that time, in stability, he was praised for his praise. There are very big differences in the specific understanding of this old theme, especially in the specific understanding of the relationship between the three, which determines the purpose of the divergence of ideological development.
Two versions of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894
If the provocative changer is arranged in a sequence from small to large to large, we will find that the three main characters in this provocative change are Zhang Zhidong, Kang Youwei and Serious Rebirth. Therefore, even though Zhang Zhidong published the “Zhizhi Chapter” before the Wuxu Change Method, it clearly pointed out that Kang Youyi was created, and its initiative was also inspired by Kang Youyi’s transformation thinking at a certain level, but we should discuss Zhang Zhidong first.
First of all, it should be noticed that Zhang Zhidong’s order in which he described the “three guarantees” was different from Kang’s “protecting the country, protecting the species, and protecting the children”, but “protecting the country, protecting the children, and protecting the children”: “I say that if I want to save the changes in this day, there are three words: one is protecting the country, one is protecting the sage religion, and the other is protecting the Chinese.” This seemingly small difference actually shows that Zhang Zhidong and Kang’s differences in the relationship between protection, protecting the children, protecting the children and protecting the children.
Zhang Zhidong
The ethnic concepts in the late Qing Dynasty were, on the one hand, from the traditional distinction between the barbarians and the Xia, and on the other hand, they were deeply influenced by the academic concepts of Oriental people.
In terms of the former, it must be noted that the distinction between the barbarians and the Xia Dynasty is not as many Confucians think, but is just a civilized conception.Non-ethnic concepts; for the latter, the mainstream concepts of Oriental species have regarded Chinese as Mongolian or yellow people, and are in a relative range from Europeans, Africans, Americans or white people, black people, red people, etc., and believe that the yellow people in the Chinese location are second to white people at the civilization level and are superior to black people and red people’s makeup. Then, she looked down at the audience and saw several kinds of people.
But in the “three guarantees”, the concern of “protective” does not remain in the large category of yellow people. In terms of its urgency, the border of protection is China. As Zhang Zhidong said, protection refers to “protective”. As for teaching, in Zhang Zhidong, it is important to refer to human education, namely the Three Neighbors and Five Constant Virtues. This is of course the focus of traditional Confucianism. As for China, of course it refers to China, and at that time there was the Qing Dynasty.
Zhang Zhidong’s Book Method
In Zhang Zhidong, “the harmony of politics and education” is “the common part of ancient and modern times, and the common meaning of China and the West”. Therefore, the three things that protect the country, protect the education and protect the species must be one. This is exactly the fate of the first chapter of “Studying”: “Protect the country, protect the education and protect the species are united and dedicated, This is a sturdy mind. To protect the species, one must first protect the country, and to protect the country must first protect the species. Why does the species exist? Wisdom exist. Wise is the saying of teaching. Why does teaching behave? To be powerless. Power is the saying of military force. Therefore, if the country is not powerful and does not follow the teachings, the country is not prosperous and will be disrespectful. “
In the political and educational context of Zhang Zhidong, the first thing that emphasizes is that the p
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